Assassinations in International Relations Essay

Assassinations in International Relations - Essay Example l relations. Such acts by the powerful countries need to be discussed on the parameters of the three theories of international relations, namely realism, liberalism, and constructivism (Wait 2011, par. 1). The theory of realism is based on assumptions. There are two competing branches of realism based on the assumptions about the behavior of the state, one is the neorealist theory of Kenneth Waltz and another is postclassical realism, which is not similar to Waltz neorealist theory. The impact of the theory of realism crosses the threshold to enter the non-realist theories such as liberalism, another political theory based on the positive human values such as right to freedom, favoring democratic rights. So far an exchange between the two theories has not been fruitful because the neorealist theory stresses with sureness that such an interaction would be a useless exercise. Constructivist theory was an attempt to find new means away from the theories of realism and liberalism. A cons tructivist sees the international relations as â€Å"an interactive process in which the ideas and communications among agents serve to create â€Å"structures†. These structures, in turn, influence the ideas and communications of the agents.† (Rourke 2007, 30). Seeing the height of extremism in political spheres at global scale, supporters of assassinations find nothing wrong morally to indulge in cutting the head of the dragon itself as there is no other option left using military force on the large scale by waging a prolonged war with no end result in sight. War affects the innocent; the actual culprits cannot be nabbed. The â€Å"ethical disconnect,† pervades as stated by Ralph Peters by not making a direct attack on dictators like Saddam Hussein committing atrocities on innocent people; it is devoid of ethical logic. Nonetheless, the norm against assassinations of such scale and kind have been there, which, off late, have been broken by the major super powe r, the U.S. Actually, this norm has been residing in ethical injunctions of basic moral principles in global politics getting strength from the design of international system (Thomas 2000, 106-7). Discussing the reality aspect of the norm as a concession, Thomas (2000, 123-24) states that states were against the norm to assassinate a foreign leader as it was not worth the effort. Assassination was observed as inefficient tool of foreign policy because of doubt over the success of the assassination, as leaders’ security was unassailable. Another reason of going against the norm of assassinations was not getting the desired outcomes of serving the purpose. Thomas findings on norms and practices related to international assassinations indicate how the assassination norms have shifted greatly over time. According to Thomas, it was a quite common foreign policy tool in old times, but a number of changing material factors and evolving normative principles started strong norm agains t the killing of foreign leaders because preference was given to fight of the armies on the battle ground and also because

Methods of Navigation in SAP Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Methods of Navigation in SAP - Assignment Example It means that each order must be identified with a specific reference number that acts as an identification number for the transactions. It is different from a manual system in that the manual system such as SUA does not require the creation of reference alongside any sale order. Moreover, the manual system such as SUA does not rely on any specific order of making sales order. This format is beneficial to the company since it facilitates faster retrieval of information and reduces the time spent in searching for sales order in case of a high volume of transactions. In addition, the method helps link a sales order to various financial and administrative functions like customers and suppliers in the company (Cleveland 45). The document flow screen is used to indicate the movement of documents within an organization. It helps indicate the real-time location of a document within an organization thus reducing the complexity of sorting and storing documents. from an accounting perspective, post goods issue is any matter relating to goods after the transaction has been closed up. In addition, the accounting perspective states that when such matter arises it must be recorded as a bad debt when creating an invoice. SAP gives an alternative of providing credit checks through screen features that link credits to the due dates that have been set up by the organization. Moreover, the SAP provides for counter referencing to enable create a track on the credits due dates. Through an integrated financial and administrative functions of an organization, an SAP is capable of relating a wide variety of transactions to the general ledger accounts. This is done by linking the transactions to the general ledger in the transaction screen.

Procter Gamble P And G Marketing Essay

Procter Gamble P And G Marketing Essay Procter and Gamble (PG) was formed by William Procter a candle maker and James Gamble a soap marker on the 31st of October 1837. It is an American multination consumer good manufacture and one of the largest in the world. It has its headquarters in Cincinnati, Ohio USA and manufactures products ranging from beauty and grooming, pet food and household and fabric care, baby and family home care products. Between 1858 and 1859, PG had about 80 staffs and their sales reached $1million. It won several contacts from the Union Army during the American Civil War to supply candles and soap. Apart from the profit it made during the civil war, it expanded it market by introducing military personals all over the country to PG products. Operation and brands In recent years, PG and become an international corporation be acquiring different companies. PG became an international corporation in 1930 after the acquisition of Thomas Hedley Co based in England. It introduces several new brand names and products like Tide detergent in 1946, Prell Shampoo in 1946 and the first tooth paste to contain fluoride branded Crest in 1955. PG purchased Charmin paper mill in 1957 and started marking products paper products like toilet rolls (Charming). Procter and Gamble operates in about 80 countries and is well known in about 180 countries. It has 50 brands which most of them are well-known products. These brands amounts more than 90% of PGs sales and profit. 26 of its leadership brands produces more than a $1billon each in net annual sales. (PG, 2012). Some of PGs strongest brands includes Always, Ariel detergent, Bounty, Charmin, Crest, Downy, Gillete, Lams, Olay, Pampers, Pantene, and Tide. It used to produce food and beverage products prior to the sales of Pringles to Kellogg Company for $2.7 billion in 2012. Pringles was one of PGs major revenue driver with a sales of about $1.5 billion yearly. It was the only food business after the sales of Jif peanut butter and Folgers coffee to Smuckers in recent years. PG is no longer in the food business, it is laying more focus on personal care and beauty products. (Reuters, 2012) Manufacturing Operation PG manufacturing operation spread around 5 different regions. (PG, 2012) Regions Details Regional Headquarter Countries Asia The world faster growing economy and home to over 3 billion customers Singapore China, Japan, Korea, Hong Kong, India, Australia, New Zealand, Indonesia, Philippines, Singapore, Taiwan, Vietnam, Thailand, Sri Lanka, Malaysia, Bangladesh Central Eastern Europe, Middle East And Africa (CEEMEA). PGs largest Geographic regions. Geneva, Switzerland The Balkans, Central Europe North, Central Europe South, Eastern Europe, Middle East, Sub Sahara, Turkey/Caucasia And Central Asian Republic. Latin America With presence dated back to 60 years. Panama City 14 Countries North America Cincinnati, Ohio, USA Over 25 manufacturing plants Western Europe With presence dated back to 1930. PG has presence in ever western European country. Geneva, Switzerland 4 Countries. United Kingdom, Belgium, Germany and Italy Procter Gamble recorded a sales of $83.68 billion in 2012 and was listed on the spot of Global Top Companies for leaders in Fortune Magazine. It is also at fifth place of the Worlds Most Admired Companies list and named the overall best company for leadership development on the list of the 2012s 40 Best Companies for Leaders by Chief Executive Magazine. It has also received several awards which includes the Worlds Most Admired Companies and Top MBA Employers from Fortune, Worlds Most Respected Companies from Barrons, Best Place to Work from Glassdoor.com, and The Worlds Most Attractive Employers from Universum. (PG, 2013). Case Study Overview. In recent Years, PG has been us The environment is everything happening in the world outside that There are numerous factors that affects the decisions of managers of a company. Examples of macro environments are new laws and government policies, trade barriers, tax changes, social changes. To help examine these factors, I would be using the most popular external environment analysing model known as PESTEL which stand for political, economic, socio-cultural, technological, legal and ecological environment (thus the acronym PESTEL). This coursework will focus on the macro (external) and micro (internal) environments that have major impacts on Procter and Gamble. A PESTEL analysis on PG will be done to the macro environment. Analyse the macro business environment in respect of PG group and identify the factors that will have significant impact on Groups business. The success of any company does not reply only on the efficiency and management methods of the company. There are other factors involved the market performance. The macro environment contains the external and uncontainable influence that might affect the market performance, strategies and decision making of the company. As Baines (2011) describe: The operating environment for all organisations is never static and seldom entirely predictable, and can therefore profoundly affect a companys course of action. Strategic management experts stated that for a company to achieve a competitive advantage, its needs to follow strategies that develops existing capabilities, resources and formulate strategies that develops extra capabilities, resources. (Hill Jones, 2010) PESTLE Analysis All combined the macro environment factors analysis will be known as PESTEL. Macro environment factors are beyond the control of an organization. This is because those factors are    positioned outside the organisational system. Those forces are the prime factors in corporate strategization i.e. determining the objectives of an organisation, its drive for profits, its projection for future sales as well as a protection step in preventing any losses or problems. According to Lowe and Marriott (2006,p. 181),macro factors are the major trends Strengths Verities of business segments (6 operating segments). One of PGs major strength is the large scale on which it operates. It produces over 300 different product and leading globally in different categories of products like beauty and health, fabric, baby, personal and home care products sold in about 180 counties in the world. PG strong brand man is one of the most successful due to its solid branding. Most of PGs products are not for all seasons Leading globally in detergent, diapers, care products. Has industry experience of over 170-year, international operations for over 25 years and extensive experience in personal and oral hygiene products. PG is one of the world best marketers has it has a wide experience in marketing in different market sectors. The acquisitions of leading of beauty and health care companies in the products in Europe. High gross profit margin. PGs profit margin is 15 times the industry average. P G is known for investing greatly in research and development for improving and developing new products. Weaknesses Ability to achieve business objectives dependent on how well can respond to local and global competitors Face risks with significant international operations A failure of a key information technology system, process or site could have a material adverse impact on our business Price paid for commodities and other materials subject to fluctuation 7 Production cost Production capacity for the demand on the first years. Leads times for alternative pack sizes and designs. Work capacity. Different culture, wants and needs of customers. Unable to protect imitation PGs innovative products and marketing strategies of competition Competitors had pre-empted them in national markets where the local subsidiary was constrained by budget or organizational limitations. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Many of the top brands of P G are losing their market share rapidly. In online media leadership and presence P G is lagging behind. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ The beauty and health products by P G are mostly for women. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ P G does not make and offer any private label products for the retail customers and is, missing an opportunity. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ The large scale operation of the company makes the culture heavy and processes slow. This also leads to quality control problems. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ P G does not divest its weak or poor brands. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ The major customers of P G are located at some of the places and it concentrates heavily as them. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ When P G acquired Clairol business in year 2001, it was unable to grow this business. The Clairol Herbal Essence brand failed to enter new markets as the market had access to better and innovative products. This shows weakness of P G in the beauty care division. Opportunities  · Research and development efforts ($2001 million spent on RD in 2011) to develop technology and obtain patents  · Worldwide reach and potential to expand into even more countries The growth of the shampoo and conditioner market. The increase of hair washing products. The undeveloped conditioner market in Europe. The experience and the leader positioning of the new companies that PG bought. The Know-how of the success of Pert Plus in the US market à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ An opportunity for P G is health and beauty products for men. With the acquisition of Gillette, the company now has several growth opportunities in this market segment. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ P G has doubled its Environmental Goals for the year 2012 and thus, promises more value for the environment concerned customers today. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Using the online social networks and internet marketing techniques is also an opportunity for P G. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Divest brands that are not in accordance or do not meet P Gs long-term goals à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Company is constantly trying to pursue growth overseas. Threats  · A material change in consumer demand for products could have a significant impact on business  · Business is subject to legislation, regulation, and enforcement in the U.S. and abroad The number of suppliers and brands, the European market was even more crowed as US. The top and bottom price classes was even bigger than the US. Difference between prices for the same quality. Many important competitors. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ There is a cut throat competition in the fast moving consumers goods markets today. Companies like Kimberly Clark, Unilever, Johnsons Johnsons and Colgate-Palmolive etc pose a serious threat to itsmarket share in different countries. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ The competitors are making their product portfolios diverse day b day and using different marketing and promotional strategies to increase their market share. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ In the market many substitutes are available for P G products at cheaper prices. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ The private label growth is also a serious threat to the P Gs market share. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Due to recession, the consumer spending has decreased globally. Also, the prices for raw materials are increasing so cost to the company is increasing http://www.reuters.com/article/2012/02/15/us-kellogg-pringles-idUSTRE81E0S620120215

Aims of 19th Century Imperialism :: Imperialism

What were the aims of the 19th century imperial countries and how successful were they in achieving these aims. Imperialism could be defined as a policy of a country of gaining new territories and establishing nation’s dominance of political, economic, and social life of another territories or countries. This policy was the main trend in the global politics in the end of the 18th and beginning of the 19th centuries. The main countries involved in the imperialism were such major European countries as France, Great Britain, Germany, Russia, Italy and, in addition to that, the developing United States of America. The events that took place at that period of time could be described as a competition between the most powerful countries of the world, with the aim of conquering new territories, expanding political power and gaining prestige, getting economical profits with the new overseas resources and possibilities of transportation, and many other social factors, such as spreading Christianity and culture. There was a very positive influence on imperialistic countries in the near-term outloo k, as in the most cases their aims were achieved, but taking into account the events that followed the period of the burst of imperialism, e.g. two World Wars, it can be noticed that the total cost of the imperialistic era was very high for those countries. One of the main aims of imperialistic countries of that period was expansion of their territorial possessions. In general, the wishes of imperialistic countries to expand are caused by two types of their needs. In the first case, which is represented best by the Unites States and Russian Empire, the main accent was made on gaining new territories located close to their borders, so that the territory of the country itself became bigger. Both countries acquired huge contiguous tracts of land, which were usually empty of populations expect of some small groups of aborigines. For instance, Russia did that with territories in China and Persia, the US expanded tremendously to the west and south seizing former Mexican provinces (e. Aims of 19th Century Imperialism :: Imperialism What were the aims of the 19th century imperial countries and how successful were they in achieving these aims. Imperialism could be defined as a policy of a country of gaining new territories and establishing nation’s dominance of political, economic, and social life of another territories or countries. This policy was the main trend in the global politics in the end of the 18th and beginning of the 19th centuries. The main countries involved in the imperialism were such major European countries as France, Great Britain, Germany, Russia, Italy and, in addition to that, the developing United States of America. The events that took place at that period of time could be described as a competition between the most powerful countries of the world, with the aim of conquering new territories, expanding political power and gaining prestige, getting economical profits with the new overseas resources and possibilities of transportation, and many other social factors, such as spreading Christianity and culture. There was a very positive influence on imperialistic countries in the near-term outloo k, as in the most cases their aims were achieved, but taking into account the events that followed the period of the burst of imperialism, e.g. two World Wars, it can be noticed that the total cost of the imperialistic era was very high for those countries. One of the main aims of imperialistic countries of that period was expansion of their territorial possessions. In general, the wishes of imperialistic countries to expand are caused by two types of their needs. In the first case, which is represented best by the Unites States and Russian Empire, the main accent was made on gaining new territories located close to their borders, so that the territory of the country itself became bigger. Both countries acquired huge contiguous tracts of land, which were usually empty of populations expect of some small groups of aborigines. For instance, Russia did that with territories in China and Persia, the US expanded tremendously to the west and south seizing former Mexican provinces (e.

Mobile Phone Disadvantage

Mobile phones are an invention of this current century that many people never believed would come to be the technological sensation that it has become today. If you only look back a few years, a mobile phone was actually considered a luxury and not the necessity that it has come to be. It was certainly not affordable by everyone. And then suddenly out of nowhere almost everyone has a mobile phone and not many can imagine a life without it. It seems that everyone is carrying a cell phone, no matter who you are, your age, student, businessman and we have become a nation and world of cell phone addicts. It is for a fact that having a mobile phone now a days is a sort of a necessity and it is an inevitable truth that mobile industry is taking everyone by a storm. From the very basic thing of making a call to texting, and now internet access for just a touch of your finger tips. Regardless any negative issue mobile phone had given a very big impact to this generation to improve everything. Do you have one of these? or do you know somebody who enjoys having such stuff? I do have one of those too and I wont deny the fact that I enjoys using them. There are a lot of advantages and dis advantages of using this kind of device. It is actually depend on the user itself weather he or she want to use it properly and make their life easier or the other way round which mean to use this helpful device for a negative purposes. In here there are some advantages which is coming from mobile phone that really help human for their daily business. Moreover a negative aspect also must be highlighted to ensure that all the mobile phone users will aware that this such a small device can drive them to a disaster. Emergencies As we are aware that mobile phone can be use any time, any where by clicking a few button it can be connected to a person that we want to. For example, If we are suddenly involved in an emergency of some type, which is very hard for us to find a public phone or go to somewhere for a help, by having this kind of devices we have almost immediate access to emergency services such as the police, fire or medical services. If there is a dangerous person on the loose in any certain neighbourhood law enforcement can contact each of us with instructions on what to do to stay safe. Information involving an Amber Alert or weather alerts can be almost instantly spread community or state-wide. In a certain kind of emergency which people need some evidence to prove, they can just take or record the situation through their mobile phone and keep it inside a memory or the more advance method the user can just upload online through any channel on internet. Here we can see how effective this technology which can update an instant info without any restriction. Therefore it can prove mobile phone can be use to avoid crime, to help people in emergency and perhaps it can help your self whenever you need it. Wireless Communications As far as we are concern mobile phone can keep a lot of data in it, which mean we can keep our contact, picture, song, video and etc. With this kind of ability it prove how powerful this device which mean by a single click it will show our family contact, it shows our friend contact and by a single click it can show your picture which can remind you on your family friends and those you know. In here it prove that We have the ability to stay in touch with our families and closest friends at all times through wireless texting, email and actually talking to each other. Moreover this time the technology is improve more advance which you can straight away make a video contact live on the phone. Even the distance is far, it will not isolate you and it will help human to keep in touch to any one that we want to. Not only use for those that we know, mobile phone is very useful for those who are running a business and highly important for education. In some cases, this could be also a disadvantage but for now it will be listed as an advantage. Safety Feature For those who live alone, or the elderly or disabled it is almost a safety feature as these people can be checked on during the day by family or neighbors. Or if they have an emergency they can immediately get help. By carrying this small communication device with them there are no more reasons to be stuck after a fall lying on the floor with no help insight. Families of these same people do not have to have someone with them all the time anymore as it often was in the past. But just as it is with everything else in life, with the advantages come the disadvantages. For every one advantage there are several disadvantages. Driving and Cell Phones Cell phones have become a bit of a hazard when in the car. Text messaging and answering or making a call with the phone while driving have already killed many people due to car accidents. In fact some states have passed laws against texting or using a cell phone while driving. There are devices where the phone can be hooked up to the car's sound system so when the phone rings you can touch a button on the steering wheel and the call will go through the car sound system allowing you to communicate while still having your eyes on the road. Health Hazard There have been more incidents of cancer of the brain since the use of cell phones have become so wide-spread but health officials are not sure if this is due to cell phone use. The phone does omit some very low, non-toxic levels of radiation so it would be a reasonable deduction that those who are heavy cell phone users could develop some health effects. Stress Level For some people, perhaps more than we realize, constantly being connected to a ringing phone can be quite stressful. As long as that cell phone is with us, we can never have any time alone and that time of calm is necessary to unwind sometimes. So, as with everything new there are advantages and disadvantages of having a mobile phone. Just as everything in life – every new technology brings advantages and disadvantages. And this is certainly true of mobile phones.

Customer Satifaction

Chapter I I. Introduction The findings of this research are mostly useful to those (managers and crews) who intend to give customer satisfaction. The research indicates the most important aspects to give 100% customer satisfaction that will benefit customers and the company as well. In the past few years significant growth has been noticed on Jollibee Foods Corporation. It has been proved that Jollibee Foods Corporation is the fastest and the largest growing company in the industry of fast food chain. Jollibee also operates branches in different countries wherein they focused and value the culture of the countries they are located in.This thesis focused on how Jollibee Foods Corporation managed to keep the good relation with the customer and how to keep them satisfied on every visit. II. Background of the study The Jollibee Foods Corporation  rose from humble beginnings to be the leading fast food chains in the Philippines. In 1975 it used to be an ice-cream parlor serving hot meal s and sandwiches. With the coming of foreign franchise, Jollibee experimented with hamburgers until it came up with a recipe geared for a definitely Filipino flavor.The company’s rapid growth is attributed to its creative and innovative marketing programs, its dedication to research to continuously come up with products that will appeal to the Filipino palate and consistent staff training to provide product knowledge and quality service. Jollibee’s growth is due to its delicious menu line-up – like its superior-tasting Chickenjoy, mouth-watering Yumburger and Champ hamburger, and deliciously satisfying Jollibee Spaghetti -ably complemented with creative marketing programs, and efficient manufacturing and logistics facilities.It is made possible by well-trained teams that work in a culture of integrity and humility, fun and family-like. Every Jollibee outlet welcomes customers with a clean and warm in-store environment and friendly and efficient service. And it i s this tried and tested formula of delivering great-tasting food, adherence to world class operating standards and the universal appeal of the family values the brand represents that are driving the expansion of Jollibee both locally and in the overseas market.This study was conducted to investigate all aspects of Customer satisfaction of the Jollibee Foods Corporation as perceived by the Management team. III. Theoretical Framework According to the management team and staff of Jollibee Foods Corporation they are following standard rules of the company on how to give good quality on every product they are serving because for them patrons are really important to the company so they should always give the best for them. Also, management team and crew members are well trained on how to handle customers from different walks of life, so when problem arise it is well taken care off.We all know that Jollibee Foods Corporation is a well known company because it is affordable and delicious fo ods patronized not only by the kids but the adults as well. They are keeping their good company image with a tag line of â€Å"Sa Jollibee beeda ang saya† that surely pertains on how to keep every customer satisfied on every visit. IV. Conceptual Framework The figures shown are the main factors on how to achieve customer satisfaction based on the problems en countered by the Jollibee foods Corporation. V. Statement of the ProblemGeneral Problem The purpose of this study is to how to keep the customer satisfaction of Jollibee Foods Corporation. The study intends to fill such weaknesses in the proponents found. 1. Availability of the product. 2. How to handle customer. 3. Quality of the product served. 4. Cleanliness and condition of the store VI. Null Hypothesis The study shows that there is no relevance between the social status of the customer and the way they communicate and react with the services given by the company. Significance of the studyThis study will be as a pract ical guideline for the company, especially the front liner department (counter and dining staff). The outcome of this study will develop the service quality of the front liner staff in order to meet with the customers & needs and their satisfaction. If the result showed the high score, the owner would be happy with the service. In contrast, if the result showed the low score, the owner would improve the service and arrange training program. Chapter II A. Related Literature 1. Foreign LiteratureSome trace the modern history of fast food in America to July 7, 1912, with the opening of a fast food restaurant called the  Automat  in New York. The Automat was a cafeteria with its prepared foods behind small glass windows and coin-operated slots. Joseph Horn and Frank Hardart had already opened the first  Horn & Hardart  Automat in Philadelphia in 1902, but their â€Å"Automat† at Broadway and 13th Street, in New York City, created a sensation. Numerous Automat restaurants were built around the country to deal with the demand.Automats  remained extremely popular throughout the 1920s and 1930s. The company also popularized the notion of â€Å"take-out† food, with their slogan â€Å"Less work for Mother†. Some historians and secondary school textbooks concur that  A&W, which opened in 1919 and began franchising in 1921, was the first fast food restaurant (E. Tavares). Thus, the  American  company  White Castle  is generally credited with opening the second fast-food outlet in  Wichita, Kansas  in 1921, selling hamburgers for five cents apiece from its inception and spawning numerous competitors and emulators.What is certain, however, is that White Castle made the first significant effort to standardize the food production in, look of, and operation of fast-food hamburger restaurants. William Ingram's and Walter Anderson's White Castle System created the first fast food supply chain to provide meat, buns, paper goods, and ot her supplies to their restaurants, pioneered the concept of the multistate hamburger restaurant chain, standardized the look and construction of the restaurants themselves, and even developed a construction division that manufactured and built the chain's prefabricated restaurant buildings.The McDonalds' Speedee Service System and, much later, Ray Kroc's McDonald's outlets and Hamburger University all built on principles, systems and practices that White Castle had already established between 1923 and 1932. The  hamburger  restaurant most associated by the public with the term â€Å"fast food† was created by two brothers originally from  Nashua, New Hampshire. Richard and Maurice McDonald  opened a  barbecue  drive-in  in 1940 in the city of  San Bernardino, California.After discovering that most of their profits came from hamburgers, the brothers closed their restaurant for three months and reopened it in 1948 as a walk-up stand offering a simple menu of hamb urgers,french fries,  shakes,  coffee, and  Coca-Cola, served in disposable paper wrapping. As a result, they could produce hamburgers and fries constantly, without waiting for customer orders, and could serve them immediately; hamburgers cost 15 cents, about half the price at a typical  diner. Their streamlined production method, which they named the â€Å"Speedee Service System† was influenced by the  production line  innovations of  Henry Ford.By 1954, The McDonald brothers' stand was restaurant equipment manufacturer  Prince Castle's biggest purchaser of milkshake blending machines. Prince Castle salesman  Ray Kroc  traveled to California to discover why the company had purchased almost a dozen of the units as opposed to the normal one or two found in most restaurants of the time. Enticed by the success of the McDonald's concept, Kroc signed a franchise agreement with the brothers and began opening McDonald's restaurants in Illinois. By 1961, Kroc had bought out the brothers and created what is now the modern  McDonald's Corporation.One of the major parts of his business plan was to promote cleanliness of his restaurants to growing groups of Americans that had become aware of food safety issues. As part of his commitment to cleanliness, Kroc often took part in cleaning his own  Des Plaines, Illinois  outlet by hosing down the garbage cans and scraping gum off the cement. Another concept Kroc added was great swaths of glass which enabled the customer to view the food preparation, a practice still found in chains such as  Krispy Kreme.A clean atmosphere was only part of Kroc's grander plan which separated McDonald's from the rest of the competition and attributes to their great success. Kroc envisioned making his restaurants appeal to suburban families. At roughly the same time as Kroc was conceiving what eventually became McDonald's Corporation, two Miami, Florida businessmen, James McLamore and David Edgerton, opened a fr anchise of the predecessor to what is now the international fast food restaurant chain  Burger King.McLamore had visited the original McDonald's hamburger stand belonging to the McDonald brothers; sensing potential in their innovative  assembly line-based production system, he decided he wanted to open a similar operation of his own. The two partners eventually decided to invest their money in  Jacksonville, Florida-based Insta-Burger King. Originally opened in 1953, the founders and owners of the chain, Kieth J. Kramer and his wife's uncle Matthew Burns, opened their first stores around a piece of equipment known as the Insta-Broiler.The Insta-Broiler oven proved so successful at cooking burgers, they required all of their franchises to carry the device. By 1959 McLamore and Edgarton were operating several locations within the  Miami-Dade  area and were growing at a fast clip. Despite the success of their operation, the partners discovered that the design of the insta-bro iler made the unit's heating elements prone to degradation from the drippings of the beef patties. The pair eventually created a mechanized gas grill that avoided the problems by changing the way the meat patties were cooked in the unit.After the original company began to falter in 1959, it was purchased by McLamore and Edgerton who renamed the company Burger King. While fast food restaurants usually have a seating area in which customers can eat the food on the premises, orders are designed to be  taken away, and traditional table service is rare. Orders are generally taken and paid for at a wide counter, with the customer waiting by the counter for a tray or container for their food. A â€Å"drive-through† service can allow customers to order and pick up food from their cars.Nearly from its inception, fast food has been designed to be eaten â€Å"on the go† and often does not require traditional  cutlery  and is eaten as a finger food. Common menu items at fast food outlets include  fish and chips,  sandwiches,  pitas,  hamburgers,  fried chicken,  french fries,  chicken nuggets,  tacos,  pizza, and  ice cream, although many fast food restaurants offer â€Å"slower† foods like  chili, mashed  potatoes, and  salads. 2. Local Literature The first  fast food  outlets were really the neighborhood stalls selling rice and cooked dishes. These  stores  were and are called â€Å"turo turo†, literally point-point.It is highly possible that a chain of these stores, owned by an enterprising housewife, could have 2 or more locations within the same vicinity, manned by a sister or any member of the family. Technically, that will be a chain of fast food outlets. If you mean Western-menu chains, KFC opened in 1967. In 1975 Mr. Tony Tan and his family opens a Magnolia Ice cream parlor at Cubao. This is later to become the 1st Jollibee Outlet. Brown Derby had up to 3 branches of a burger-and-shakes operation in the postwar period but that has dwindled to a lone takeout stand near the QC-Manila boundary.For ice cream confections, you'll have to look into the history of Magnolia, Selecta (the original) and DQ. But if you also include Chinese restaurants that served porridge, noodle soup and steamed buns fast (as well as an oniony burger sandwich), the history of Ma Mon Luk, Charlie Wanton and Kowloon House might interest you. B. Related Studies 1. Foreign Studies Through the years, McDonald's remained the world's top quick service restaurant. With more than 33,000 branches in more than 120 countries around the globe, McDonald's has served billions of customers since its first restaurant in 1955.McDonald's history began even before the onset of the Second world war when brothers Dick and Mac McDonald started a drive-in restaurant business in Riverside California. Their menu was composed simply of 10-cent hamburgers and other drive-in products. After the war, the brothers opened a new type of restaurant in San Bernardino, California, where a little hamburger man called â€Å"Speedee† became the company's symbol Dick's and Mac's endeavors proved so successful that other operators sought out franchises from them.In 1954 Ray Kroc exclusive sales distributor for Multimixer intrigued by the brother's â€Å"Speedee System† visited the latter in San Bernardino, Upon his return to Chicago, Kroc obtained the exclusive licensing rights to the brothers system and had become heir National Franchise Agent in April of the same year construction began on the first restaurant in what was called the Mcdonald's System Inc. The famous Golden Arches arrived in the Philippines in 1981 when George T. Yang president of McGeorge Food Industries was awarded franchising privilege in the country by McDonald's international.The first store opened in the busy university area of Morayta while the second was established in the prime commercial area of Cubao beside New Frontier Theate r. And now as they say, the rest is history. With the desire of providing Filipino customers with high quality food and service that meet global standards, George T. Yang, opened the first McDonald's store along Morayta, Manila in 1981. Since then, McDonald's has introduced so many innovations that captured the hearts of the Filipinos. It was McDonald's who first offered the Value Meals and the Happy Meal. It was McDonald's who first provided employment opportunities for students.And it was McDonald's who first played an active role in helping out in the community through McDonald's Charities. These and so many other â€Å"firsts† are the reasons for McDonald's phenomenal growth! Today, with Kenneth S. Yang at the helm, McDonald's is now a multi-billion-peso company with almost 274 stores nationwide! And still counting! 2. Local Studies Who would have guessed that a giant cartoon bee character could become the national symbol for delicious, affordable and fast food in the Phi lippines? Well, that’s what  began in 1975  when Tony Tan Caktiong opened an ice cream shop in Cubao, Quezon City.The results of his efforts has been nothing short of phenomenal. Though  Jollibee began as an  ice  cream parlor, it was the move to diversify to more types of food like hamburgers  that really put  them on the map. In every major area in the Philippines, one can count on multiple Jollibee’s being around, ready to serve you a Yumburger, ChickenJoy, or your own personal favorite. In less than 10 years, in 1984, Jollibee reached the 500 million piso sales milestone. Another 5 years later in 1989, Jollibee accomplished another amazing feat – reaching the 1  billion  piso sales mark – and being the first fast food chain in the Phlippines to do so.Other notable accomplishments include becoming   part of the top 100 corporations in the Philippines in 1987, and becoming the first food service company to be listed in the Philippine Stock Exchange. The prestigious award of â€Å"World Entreprenuer of the Year† was given to founder Tony Tan Caktiong in 2004 for the inspiring work he’s done. Additionally, the Far Eastern Economic Review  has judged  Jollibee as â€Å"The Most Admired Company† in the Philippines  over  the last 6 years. What’s the secret to the success of Jollibee? Is it the creative marketing and unique branding they’ve pioneered in the the realm of fast food?Is it the focus on traditional Filipino culture and the fact that they try to still seem a â€Å"local favorite† despite the fact that they’re the nation’s most prevalent restaurant? I’d say it’s a combination of all these things and more. Jollibee has indeed revolutionized the fast food industry in the Philippines. Today they satisfy the apetites of Filipinos everywhere with  600 stores in the Philippines and over 30 international stores. C. Hypothesis Summary of Study This study shown the problems encountered in Jollibee Foods Corporation and the problems they usually encounter when it comes to customer satisfaction.According to the research Jollibee usually encountered irate customers especially if they have to wait for the product they ordered. Most of the customers are not willing to wait for the said product and end up on canceling the order. The management team has brought up solution to this problem. They have established answers to the problems they are encountering and ensure that these problems are well taken care of. Specifically the study will attempt to answer the following: 1. How do the respondents’ profile be described in terms of: 1. Quality of food served 2. Quality of the service given by the management and crew . Cleanliness and condition of the store 4. Age 5. Gender 6. Civil Status 7. Educational Attainment 8. Economical Status 9. Religion 1. What problems are being encountered by the respondents? 2. What sugg estions are offered by the respondents to improve the services given by the company? Chapter III Research Methodology and Procedure This chapter will present detailed idea about the research will be conducted. This includes the purpose of the research, data collection method. Data Gathering Procedure There are two major approaches to gathering information about a situation, person problem or phenomenon.Sometimes, information required is already available and only need to be extracted. However there are times when the information must be collected. Based upon these broad approaches to information gathering data are categorized as: Secondary data and Primary data. Secondary data are collected from secondary sources such as govt. publications, personal records, and primary data are collected through: observation, interviews and/or questionnaires. Data collection procedure in qualitative research involved three basic types: Observations, Interviews, and Documents. In this study quantita tive survey is used as data collection method.Since the aim of the study is classifying service quality dimensions in dining experience from the customers’ point of view, the main focus thus is customer. A questionnaire was prepared to get idea about the customer’s experiences in dine-in. About 10 persons out of 15 users replied. A survey is a procedure used to collection primary data from individuals. The data sought can range from beliefs, opinions, attitudes and lifestyles to general background information on individuals such as gender, age, education and income as well as customers point of view in dinning experience.Surveys are used when the research involves collecting information from a number of individuals The questionnaire was developed based on research question and frame of reference. The logical structure of questionnaire followed the order of service quality dimension in the frame of reference. For understanding the importance and satisfaction of each ser vice quality dimension a 5 scale was used ( 5= very satisfied, 4= satisfied, 3= neutral, 2= poor, 1= very poor). Frequency & Percentage of distribution of respondents in terms of over all rating on dinning experience Over all rating |Frequency |Percentage | |Very Satisfied |6 |60 | |Satisfied |1 |10 | |Neutral |1 |10 | |Poor |2 |20 | |Very Poor |0 |0 | |Total |10 |100 |

Essay on The History of Criminolgy

Essay on The History of Criminolgy Essay on The History of Criminolgy Essay on The History of CriminolgyThe topic selected for conducting a research is The History of Criminology. This topic has been selected to study because it is an interesting topic, which encompasses a variety of issues to be analyzed and discussed. The history of criminology stands for the history of science and practice, which plays a crucial role in the study of different aspects of criminology. The topic needs to be researched to better understand the nature of criminology and the functioning of criminologists in different periods of time.Moreover, the topic The History of Criminology needs to be researched to address a wide range of problems and challenges that exist in today’s field of criminology. In recent years, much has been done to conduct a research regarding the major causes and consequences of crime, but the origins of this type of research date back to the eighteenth- nineteenth centuries. According to Garland and Sparks (2000), â€Å"contemporary criminology inhabits a rapidly changing world†(p. 189). The character of criminology is changing because of considerable changes in social life and political, economic and cultural environments. These changes are reflected in â€Å"crime rates, crime policy and in the practices of policing, prevention and punishment† (Garland Sparks, 2000, p. 189).Analyzing the topic, it is necessary to refer to the major issues that should be discussed in the research. The history of criminology highlights the role of crime and punishment in modern society, identifying the nature of crime issues that are connected with the daily routines of people, their emotional and cultural lives. In general, the field of criminology requires a â€Å"sense of its own history† (Laub, 2004). It is necessary to develop and apply the key concepts of the life-course perspective to the development of criminology as an academic discipline. The research will be focused on analyzing criminology in the U.S. over the last 100 years. Special attention should be paid to the key life-course phases in the development of criminology, as well as to the major turning points in this field. The history of criminology can help to realize the ideas regarding crime issues.The intended outcome of the research should address a variety of problems and challenges that exists in our society today and affect criminology. According to researchers, â€Å"criminology, is its broadest sense, consists of our organized ways of thinking and talking about crime, criminals and crime control† (Garland Sparks, 2000, p. 192). The research will help to enhance understanding of contemporary criminology.The qualitative approach will be taken in conducting the research. The qualitative research approach requires the use of research questions as the basis of research. Thus, the actions will be aimed at setting the research questions and reviewing literature to find the answers to these questions, and providing long-t erm observation or participation in the real situations and settings. The two major research questions that will be discussed in the research include: â€Å"How the history of criminology can help to address the major problems and challenges in the field today?† and â€Å"Why the history of criminology is effective in the practices of policing, prevention and punishment?† The qualitative research approach will help to solve problems in the field of criminology based on new conclusions. Today criminologists and criminal justice historians effectively use the key findings from the history of criminology in their work, including the facts that prove the relationship between the past, present and future of criminology (Lawrence, 2012).

Electorasl College essays

Electorasl College essays The Electoral College: Is Attendance Smart? A common misconception among Americans is that when they vote they elect the President. The truth is not nearly this simple. What in fact happens when a person votes is that their vote goes for an Elector. This Elector (who is selected by the respective state in which a vote is cast) casts ballots for two individuals, the President and the Vice-President. Each state has the same number of electors as there are Senate and House of Representative members for that State. When the voting has stopped the candidate who receives the majority of the Electoral votes for a state receives all the electoral votes for that state. All the votes are transmitted to Washington, D.C. for tallying, and the candidate with the majority of the electoral votes wins the presidency. If no candidate receives a majority of the vote, the responsibility of selecting the next President falls upon the House of Representatives. This elaborate system of Presidential selection is thought by many to be an 18th centu ry anachronism (Hoxie p. 717), what it is in fact is the product of a 200 year old debate over who should select the President and why. In 1787, the Framers in their infinite wisdom, saw the need to respect the principles of both Federalists and States Righters (republicans) (Hoxie p. 717). Summarily a compromise was struck between those who felt Congress should select the President and those who felt the states should have a say. In 1788 the Electoral College was indoctrinated and placed into operation. The College was to allow people a say in who lead them, but was also to protect against the general public's ignorance of politics. Why fear the peoples ignorance of politics? It was argued that the people, left to their own devices could be swayed by a few designing men to elect a sovereign or fanatic (McManus p. 19). With the Electoral College in place the people could make a "screened decision" about who ...

Biography of Fleet Admiral Chester W. Nimitz

Biography of Fleet Admiral Chester W. Nimitz Chester Henry Nimitz (February 24, 1885–February 20, 1966) served as Commander in Chief of the U.S. Pacific Fleet during World War II and was later promoted to the new rank of Fleet Admiral. In that role, he commanded all land and sea forces in the central Pacific area. Nimitz was responsible for the victories at Midway and Okinawa among others. In later years, he served as chief of naval operations for the United States. Fast Facts: Chester Henry Nimitz Known For: Commander in Chief, U.S. Pacific Fleet during World War IIBorn: February 24, 1885 in Fredericksburg, TexasParents: Anna Josephine, Chester Bernhard NimitzDied: February 20, 1966 in Yerba Buena Island, San Francisco, CaliforniaEducation: U.S. Naval AcademyPublished Works: Sea Power, a Naval History (co-editor with E.B. Potter)Awards and Honors: (list includes only American decorations) Navy Distinguished Service Medal with three gold stars, Army Distinguished Service Medal,  Silver Lifesaving Medal, World War I Victory Medal,  Secretary of the Navy Commendation Star, American Defense Service Medal, Asiatic-Pacific Campaign Medal, World War II Victory Medal, National Defense Service Medal with service star. In addition (among other honors) namesake of the USS  Nimitz, the first nuclear-powered supercarrier. The Nimitz Foundation funds the National Museum of the Pacific War and the Admiral Nimitz Museum, Fredericksburg, Texas.Spouse: Catherine Vance FreemanChildren: Cat herine Vance, Chester William Jr., Anna Elizabeth, Mary MansonNotable Quote: God grant me the courage not to give up what I think is right even though I think it is hopeless. Early Life Chester William Nimitz was born in Fredericksburg, Texas, on February 24, 1885, and was the son of Chester Bernhard and Anna Josephine Nimitz. Nimitzs father died before he was born and as a young man, he was influenced by his grandfather Charles Henry Nimitz, who had served as a merchant seaman. Attending Tivy High School in Kerrville, Texas, Nimitz originally wished to attend West Point but was unable to do so as no appointments were available. Meeting with Congressman James L. Slayden, Nimitz was informed that one competitive appointment was available to Annapolis. Viewing the U.S. Naval Academy as his best option for continuing his education, Nimitz devoted himself to studying and succeeded in winning the appointment. Annapolis Nimitz departed high school early to commence his naval career. Arriving at Annapolis in 1901, he proved an able student and showed a particular aptitude for mathematics. A member of the academys crew team, he graduated with distinction on January 30, 1905, ranked seventh in a class of 114. His class graduated early, as there was a shortage of junior officers due to the rapid expansion of the U.S. Navy. Assigned to the battleship USS Ohio (BB-12), he traveled to the Far East. Remaining in the Orient, he later served aboard the cruiser USS Baltimore. In January 1907, having completed the required two years at sea, Nimitz was commissioned as an ensign. Submarines Diesel Engines Leaving the USS Baltimore, Nimitz received command of the gunboat USS Panay in 1907 before moving on to assume command of the destroyer USS Decatur. While conning Decatur on July 7, 1908, Nimitz grounded the ship on a mud bank in the Philippines. Though he rescued a seaman from drowning in the wake of the incident, Nimitz was court-martialed and issued a letter of reprimand. Returning home, he was transferred to the submarine service in early 1909. Promoted to lieutenant in January 1910, Nimitz commanded several early submarines before being named Commander, 3rd Submarine Division, Atlantic Torpedo Fleet in October 1911. Ordered to Boston the following month to oversee the fitting out of USS Skipjack (E-1), Nimitz received a Silver Lifesaving Medal for rescuing a drowning sailor in March 1912. Leading the Atlantic Submarine Flotilla from May 1912 to March 1913, Nimitz was assigned to oversee the construction of diesel engines for the tanker USS Maumee. While in this assignment, he married Catherine Vance Freeman in April 1913. That summer, the U.S. Navy dispatched Nimitz to Nuremberg, Germany and Ghent, Belgium to study diesel technology. Returning, he became one of the services foremost experts on diesel engines. World War I Re-assigned to Maumee, Nimitz lost part of his right ring finger while demonstrating a diesel engine. He was only saved when his Annapolis class ring jammed the engines gears. Returning to duty, he was made the ships executive officer and engineer upon its commissioning in October 1916. With the U.S. entry into World War I, Nimitz oversaw the first underway refuelings as Maumee aided the first American destroyers crossing the Atlantic to the war zone. Now a lieutenant commander, Nimitz returned to submarines on August 10, 1917, as an aide to Rear Admiral Samuel S. Robinson, commander of the U.S. Atlantic Fleets submarine force. Made Robinsons chief of staff in February 1918, Nimitz received a letter of commendation for his work. The Interwar Years With the war winding down in September 1918, he saw duty in the office of the Chief of Naval Operations and was a member of the Board of Submarine Design. Returning to sea in May 1919, Nimitz was made executive officer of the battleship USS South Carolina (BB-26). After brief service as the commander of USS Chicago and Submarine Division 14, he entered the Naval War College in 1922. After graduating he became chief of staff to Commander, Battle Forces and later Commander-in-Chief, U.S. Fleet. In August 1926, Nimitz traveled to the University of California-Berkeley to establish a Naval Reserve Officer Training Corps Unit. Promoted to captain on June 2, 1927, Nimitz departed Berkeley two years later to take command of Submarine Division 20. In October 1933, he was given command of the cruiser USS Augusta. Principally serving as flagship of the Asiatic Fleet, he remained in the Far East for two years. Arriving back in Washington, Nimitz was appointed Assistant Chief of the Bureau of Navigation. After a brief time in this role, he was made Commander, Cruiser Division 2, Battle Force. Promoted to rear admiral on June 23, 1938, he was transferred to be Commander, Battleship Division 1, Battle Force that October. World War II Begins Coming ashore in 1939, Nimitz was selected to serve as Chief of the Bureau of Navigation. He was in this role when the Japanese attacked Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941. Ten days later, Nimitz was selected to replace Admiral Husband Kimmel as Commander-in-Chief of the U.S. Pacific Fleet. Traveling west, he arrived at Pearl Harbor on Christmas Day. Officially taking command on December 31, Nimitz immediately began efforts to rebuild the Pacific Fleet and halt the Japanese advance across the Pacific. Coral Sea and Midway On March 30, 1942, Nimitz was also made Commander-in-Chief, Pacific Ocean Areas giving him control of all Allied forces in the central Pacific. Initially operating on the defensive, Nimitzs forces won a strategic victory at the Battle of the Coral Sea in May 1942, which halted Japanese efforts to capture Port Moresby, New Guinea. The following month, they scored a decisive triumph over the Japanese at the Battle of Midway. With reinforcements arriving, Nimitz shifted to the offensive and began a protracted campaign in the Solomon Islands in August, centered on the capture of Guadalcanal. After several months of bitter fighting on land and sea, the island was finally secured in early 1943. While General Douglas MacArthur, Commander-in-Chief, Southwest Pacific Area, advanced through New Guinea, Nimitz began a campaign of island hopping across the Pacific. Rather than engage sizable Japanese garrisons, these operations were designed to cut them off and let them wither on the vine. Moving from island to island, Allied forces used each as a base for capturing the next. Island Hopping Beginning with Tarawa in November 1943, Allied ships and men pushed through the Gilbert Islands and into the Marshalls capturing Kwajalein and Eniwetok. Next targeting Saipan, Guam, and Tinian in the Marianas, Nimitzs forces succeeded in routing the Japanese fleet at the Battle of the Philippine Sea in June 1944. Capturing the islands, Allied forces next fought a bloody battle for Peleliu and then secured Angaur and Ulithi. To the south, elements of the U.S. Pacific Fleet under Admiral William Bull Halsey won a climactic fight at the Battle of Leyte Gulf in support of MacArthurs landings in the Philippines. On December 14, 1944, by Act of Congress, Nimitz was promoted to the newly created rank of Fleet Admiral (five-star). Shifting his headquarters from Pearl Harbor to Guam in January 1945, Nimitz oversaw the capture of Iwo Jima two months later. With airfields in the Marianas operational, B-29 Superfortresses began bombing the Japanese home islands. As part of this campaign, Nimitz ordered the mining of Japanese harbors. In April, Nimitz began the campaign to capture Okinawa. After an extended fight for the island, it was captured in June. End of the War Throughout the war in the Pacific, Nimitz made effective use of his submarine force, which conducted a highly effective campaign against Japanese shipping. As Allied leaders in the Pacific were planning for the invasion of Japan, the war came to an abrupt end with the use of the atom bomb in early August. On September 2, Nimitz was aboard the battleship USS Missouri (BB-63) as part of the Allied delegation to receive the Japanese surrender. The second Allied leader to sign the Instrument of Surrender after MacArthur, Nimitz signed as the representative of the United States. Postwar With the conclusion of the war, Nimitz departed the Pacific to accept the position of Chief of Naval Operations (CNO). Replacing Fleet Admiral Ernest J. King, Nimitz took office on December 15, 1945. During his two years in office, Nimitz was tasked with scaling back the U.S. Navy to a peacetime level. To accomplish this, he established a variety of reserve fleets to ensure that an appropriate level of readiness was maintained despite reductions in the strength of the active fleet. During the Nuremberg Trial of German Grand Admiral Karl Doenitz in 1946, Nimitz produced an affidavit in support of the use of unrestricted submarine warfare. This was a key reason why the German admirals life was spared and a relatively short prison sentence was given. During his term as CNO, Nimitz also advocated on behalf of the U.S. Navys relevancy in the age of atomic weapons and pushed for continuing research and development. This saw Nimitz support Captain Hyman G. Rickovers early proposals to convert the submarine fleet to nuclear power and resulted in the construction of USS Nautilus. Retiring from the U.S. Navy on December 15, 1947, Nimitz and his wife settled in Berkeley, California. Later Life On January 1, 1948, Nimitz was appointed to the largely ceremonial role of Special Assistant to the Secretary of the Navy in the Western Sea Frontier. Prominent in the San Francisco-area community, he served as a regent of the University of California from 1948 to 1956. During this time, he worked to restore relations with Japan and helped lead fundraising efforts for the restoration of the battleship Mikasa, which had served as Admiral Heihachiro Togos flagship at the 1905 Battle of Tsushima. Death In late 1965, Nimitz suffered a stroke that was later complicated by pneumonia. Returning to his home on Yerba Buena Island, Nimitz died on February 20, 1966. Following his funeral, he was buried at Golden Gate National Cemetery in San Bruno, California.

Green criminology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Green criminology - Essay Example Towards the end of the twentieth century and the beginning of the twenty-first century, there have been a number of legislations to protect animals against human cruelty. The Animal Welfare Act of 2006 prevented such offences as causing suffering, mutilation, and indulging animals in fighting; the Wild Mammals (Protection) Act of 1996 ensured illegitimate infliction of pain of any sort to animals; the Fur Farming (Prohibition) Act of 2000 made it an offence to keep animals solely for the purpose of slaughter; and the Hunting Act of 2004 prevented both hunting wild mammals with dogs and hare coursing. In the United States, every state has sound legislation against cruelty to animals. For instance, the Humane care for Animals Act of 1973 by the state of Illinois makes it clear that the owners of the animals need to provide â€Å"a) sufficient quantity of good quality, wholesome food, and water; b) adequate shelter and protection from the weather; c) veterinary care when needed to prev ent suffering.To conclude, it can be stated that in many countries crimes towards animals today are no longer conceived as minor crimes. Studies have also shown that people who commit brutal crimes against animals are also likely to indulge in similar crimes towards humans too. As researchers at the American Prosecutors Research Institute have identified crimes against animals not only ‘generate enormous emotion and interest’ but also â€Å"there are signs of growing public and professional interest in the prosecution of crimes against animals† (APRI 2006, p. 1).

Assignment of Priciples and practices of management Essay

Assignment of Priciples and practices of management - Essay Example (A) Organizational behavior 2 5 During his first year of working at a law firm, Danny earned the respect of his supervisors by consistently producing very high quality work. Though the quality of Dannys work declined in his second year of employment, his supervisors continued to view his work very positively. This is an example of the (B) primacy affect. 6 A celebrity has fired several of her personal assistants because each time she asks them a question about her appearance or how her performance was, they always tell her how great and wonderful she is. She is looking for a more honest personal assistant. What should be a quality she looks for in her next employee? (D) Low on self monitoring 7 Revlon was once the worlds biggest cosmetics company. But over the past few years, its brands have lost sales and struggled through a series of management setbacks, but still it was reluctant to give up divisions that were no longer profitable. Which grand strategy does Revlon need to implement if it is to stay in business? (C) Retrenchment3 8 Players in the cosmetics industry include Procter & Gamble, which owns Cover Girl and Max Factor brands, LOreal, which owns LOreal and Maybelline brands, Revlon, which owns Revlon and Almay brands, and Està ©e Lauder. According to Porter, (C) threat of substitute products4 has the most influence on these companys profits. 10 Herman is the coach of the city football team. As a successful coach, he has to schedule structured practices, emphasize careful planning, and assign tasks. He also has to show the players that he genuinely cares about them as people. According to the Blake and Mouton’s managerial grid, Herman would be characterized as: D team management a Planning is one of the four management functions, and it is often called the primary management function because it establishes the basis for all the other things that managers do. What types

Service operations management-Porcinis Pronto Assignment

Service operations management-Porcinis Pronto - Assignment Example This will be implemented through the limited menu that values the products and services at moderate or appropriate prices. The company has limited resources and also capabilities that are needed in establishing an effective and efficient brand presence. Hence, it is very challenging to initiate the brand power strategy, and also enhance the market growth and development. There is a dilemma in making a decision on which brand approach will be effective in both the domestic market and the international market. The brand to be decided on depends on ownership category that is either syndication or alternatively franchising. The main aim of the most appropriate ownership model is to propel the effectiveness of the organizational brand. Appropriately integrating the interests of organizational stakeholders is a challenging experience for the management of the organization. In the new business venture, the company must strive to maintain its core value of excellent food, and hence the quality of the services and the food products must be above board. The high standards of the organization is illustrated through the performance determining factors like, adequate pricing, high service, quality food products, appropriate branding, and suitable business venues. The campaign initiative aims at ensuring the business performance achieves a minimum of 6% of the hu rdle rate of the company. This performance can be achieved through majorly concentrating on quality improvement approaches (Heskett & Luecke, 2011). Several approaches are adopted to ensure the effectiveness of the Porcini’s Pronto brand, and also improve the operations of the company through approaches like expansion. The food service business was initiated in 2010. The outlets of the company are placed strategically along the interstate highway. The outlet locations are very suitable for attracting the travelling customers who desire high standards of food products and also food service. The locations are

Organizational Analysis of Bank of America Research Paper

Organizational Analysis of Bank of America - Research Paper Example Bank of America is one of the largest financial institutions (Corporate Profile, 2011). The nature of the bank is to serve a full range of investing, banking, asset management along with financial and risk management services and products through its various credit and other lines of credit. Currently, the Bank serves, only in the United States, around 57 million small business relationships and consumer along with 5,900 retail banking offices together with 18,000 ATMs and with 29 million online active users of the Bank (Corporate Profile, 2011). Globally, Bank is known for its leading wealth management policies and practices particularly in investment and corporate banking together with trading in a wide range of asset classes, institutions, governments, and corporations. Additionally, the Bank is a registered member of the New York Stock Exchange and the Dow Jones Industrial Average. And, internationally, the Bank of America provides its banking services in more than 40 countries. However, having such a huge corporate portfolio does not ensure smooth sailing, particularly, in this tougher and rather uncertain period in the financial history. The Bank seems to be facing some financial and human resource problems; in this regard, the Bank, in the third quarter 2011, has announced to cut its cost by shedding 40,000 jobs out of 287000 employees currently working in the Bank (Vault.com, n.d). Several legal issues hunt the management of the Bank of America.  

Contemporary Employment Relationship Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 4

Contemporary Employment Relationship - Essay Example Employment relations play an important role in the economy of any given country. It is also the main subject in the political arena, but what do we understand about employment relations? One’s mind can ring on unions, issues to do with strikes, not leaving out salaries or better working atmosphere and maybe friendly terms regarding working condition. Employment relation can mean a legal binding existing between an employer and an employee. Normally, it occurs when an employee does a task or a service guided by specific legal conditions in return for pay or wage (MILLER, & CROSS 2013). It is through these relations that the privileges and responsibilities are developed between the employer and employee. Through time memorial, it has been and will always continue being the main engine behind workers freedom at various workplaces in relation to social security and labor act. Without employment relationship conditions, application of both social and labor acts may prove to be futi le to employees. It contains the main guidelines used in defining the type and degree employer’s privileges towards his or her employee.  Whatever is contained and the outlining of anticipations from both employer and employee, plays a significant role in determining the resilience of the affiliation to exert a lot of force on the agreement. A situation may turn to be contradicting especially when two individuals implicated have a different opinion over an agreement that has been set. This may bring the need for a psychological contract in a work environment. The psychological contract can be defined as an implicit agreement concerning the employee and employer (ROUSSEAU, D. M., & SCHALK 2000).

Finance and Accounting Assignment Math Problem Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Finance and Accounting Assignment - Math Problem Example Since in this case, the payment is done at the beginning of the period every time, hence it is a case of an immediate annuity as each yearly payment is allowable to compound for an additional year as compared to the normal annuity case. In this context, Future Value of Annuity = A [{(1+i) ^n -1} / i] (Finance Formulas., n.d.) Where, A= Annual payment, i= interest rate per year, n= number of periods As in this case, each annual payment is completed at the start of each period, the same is allowed to compound for one extra period and hence its future value would be the product of value of a matching normal annuity and (1+ interest rate). Future Value of Annuity Due = (1+i) * A [{(1+i)^n -1} / i ] (Finance Formulas., n.d.) The 65th birthday is the day the person wants to have $2 million in the savings account. It should also be kept in mind that a payment is made even on the last day i.e. on the 65th birthday. This last payment does not get a chance to be compounded and has to be simply added to the compounded value of the earlier made 35 payments. In the Future Value of Annuity Due formulae, it has to be noted that the last cash payment is made one year prior to the end of the 35th year. Keeping in mind that a payment will be made even on the last day of 35 year period, the formulae for calculating the required annual payment would be, Future Value, FV = (1+i) * A [{(1+i)^n -1} / i ] + A A = F/ [ {((1+i)^n-1)/i} * (1+i) +1] It is decided that the person needs $2 million at the end of 35 years period, so in this scenario the Future Value would be $2 million. In this case, FV= $2000000, i= 5%, n= 35 years. Putting these values in the above equation, Annual Payment, A = 20,868.91 = $ 20,870 (approx) Thus, the person has to put aside $ 20,869 (approx) each year to make sure that he has $ 2 million in the savings account on the 65th birthday. Problem 36 The person realizes that since the income would increase over the years it would be advisable to save less now and m ore in the later years. Thus, instead of putting the same amount aside, the person has altered his plans to let the amount to be set aside grow by 3% per year. This is a case of growing annuity which is similar to annuity as both ends after a certain period, however, growing annuity payments increase at a fixed constant rate unlike the annuity. It should be noted that since the first annual payment to the savings account is made today and continuing to do so on each birthday up to as well as including the 65th birthday, the number of periods would be 36. The formula for Future Value of Growing Annuity is, FV = A [{(1+i)^n – (1+g)^n } / (i-g) ] (Finance Formulas., n.d.) Where A= First payment, i= interest rate, g= growth rate, n= number of periods Hence, The First Payment, A = FV * [(i-g)/ {(1+i)^n – (1+g)^n }] Here, FV= $2000000, i = 5%, g = 3%, n = 36. Putting these values in the above equation, First Payment = 13,823.91 = $ 13,824 (approx) Thus, the person will have to put $ 13,824 (approx) into the savings account today and keep on increasing the succeeding payments at a growth rate of 3% per year in order to get $ 2 million in the savings account on the 65th birthday. References Finance Formulas. (n.d.). Future Value of Annuity. Retrieved July 14, 2011, from

Contemporary Employment Relationship Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 4

Contemporary Employment Relationship - Essay Example Employment relations play an important role in the economy of any given country. It is also the main subject in the political arena, but what do we understand about employment relations? One’s mind can ring on unions, issues to do with strikes, not leaving out salaries or better working atmosphere and maybe friendly terms regarding working condition. Employment relation can mean a legal binding existing between an employer and an employee. Normally, it occurs when an employee does a task or a service guided by specific legal conditions in return for pay or wage (MILLER, & CROSS 2013). It is through these relations that the privileges and responsibilities are developed between the employer and employee. Through time memorial, it has been and will always continue being the main engine behind workers freedom at various workplaces in relation to social security and labor act. Without employment relationship conditions, application of both social and labor acts may prove to be futi le to employees. It contains the main guidelines used in defining the type and degree employer’s privileges towards his or her employee.  Whatever is contained and the outlining of anticipations from both employer and employee, plays a significant role in determining the resilience of the affiliation to exert a lot of force on the agreement. A situation may turn to be contradicting especially when two individuals implicated have a different opinion over an agreement that has been set. This may bring the need for a psychological contract in a work environment. The psychological contract can be defined as an implicit agreement concerning the employee and employer (ROUSSEAU, D. M., & SCHALK 2000).

Pharos Restaurant Essay Example for Free

Pharos Restaurant Essay At Pharos Restaurant, the appellants worked as waitresses. The facts are set out in the fall of 1982. Platy Enterprises Ltd. is the owner of Pharos Restaurant and also manages the same. The manager of the Pharos Restaurant was the President of Platy Enterprises Ltd. During the course of her employment, J witnessed sexual advances and undesirable encounters by another employee. Her efforts of trying to stop the same were in vain. The offender was, in fact, a cook and had no direct authority over the waitress. However, it was made to appear by the manager and the offending employee, that the latter could give instructions to the waitress J. Such conduct of alleged sexual harassment persisted for more than 30 days. Thereafter, J made a formal objection to such conduct by her co-employee. Post J’s making of such an objection, the aforesaid sexual advances and harassment stopped. However, this was replaced by excessively rude and uncooperative behavior. There was a case of excessive verbal abuse and reprimand without reason. Thereafter, a complaint was made by J to the manager regarding the same. However, the manager didn’t take any steps to prevent it or mitigate it. Such conduct on part of the offending employee continued. Finally, after some time J was dismissed by the manager. G, another employee in the same restaurant, soon thereafter also found herself at the receiving end of the same problems. She, too, complained to the manager after which although the sexual advances and harassment stopped, there was a continued spate of verbal abuses and non-cooperation at work along with unjustified reprimand. She was finally terminated by the manager. Subsequently, the present appellants approached the Manitoba Human Rights Commission and filed a complaint against Pharos Restaurant and Platy Enterprises Ltd. along with its owners, agents and servants. It was found that the appellants had indeed been subject to sexual harassment at work place as per to s.  6(1) of the Human Rights Act.  Therefore, exemplary damages and those for loss of wages were awarded. This decision was appealed before the Court of Queens Bench. The Bench upheld the adjudicator’s decision except as regards the amount of damages, and held that the harassment in the instant case was not based on discrimination based on sex, and therefore the employer could not be held liable. The present appellants are challenging this order of the Court of Queens Bench before the Supreme Court of Canada. ISSUES/QUESTIONS OF LAW The following are the issues that are raised by the appellants in the instant appeal before the Supreme Court of Canada   I. Whether the type of sexual harassment to which the appellants were subjected to is discrimination on the basis of sex? II. Whether the employer can be held liable for the acts, specifically sexual harassment by its manager? III. Whether the Court of Appeal erred in reducing the quantum of damages awarded to the appellants by the adjudicator? IV. Whether the Court of Appeal was correct in ordering costs against the Manitoba Human Rights Commission in regard to the adjudicatory proceedings before it? DECISION OF THE COURT On the aforesaid issues, the Supreme Court of Canada ruled as follows   I. The type of sexual harassment to which the appellants were subjected to is discrimination on the basis of sex, and this is not changed by the fact that only some women faced such harassment. II. The employer should be held jointly and severally liable for the acts, specifically sexual harassment, of its manager. III. The Court of Appeal erred in reducing the quantum of damages awarded to the appellants by the adjudicator as this case falls under the gamut of sexual harassment and in light of the nature of the complaints, the quantum should not have been reduced. IV.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The Court of Appeal was wrong in ordering costs against the Manitoba Human Rights Commission in regard to the adjudicatory proceedings before it. JUDICIAL REASONING Sexual harassment is prohibited by law as it affects the efficiency of an employee at the work place.[1] Further, it is a direct attack against the dignity of an individual, and cannot be tolerated in the modern society. The instant act of harassment was indeed one based on sexual discrimination as only women were at potential risk of such harassment which included sexual advances by a heterosexual male.[2] Male colleagues were not at the risk of such harassment. The employer should be held liable as when complaints were made to it by the appellants, he failed to take any steps whatsoever to improve the situation and correct the problem. This would go on to show that the employer was also conniving with the offender employee and therefore the employer’s liability would be joint and several.[4] The Court of Appeal should not have reduced the quantum of compensation as this was a classic case of sexual harassment at the work place based on sexual discrimination. RELEVANCE/IMPACT This decision of the Supreme Court sends out a strong message to the civil society at large that sexual harassment at work place shall not be tolerated. Further, sexual harassment based on sexual discrimination is an even more serious offence, and invites a higher quantum of fine. Further, all employers should make sure that no sexual harassment is taking place at their respective workplaces, failing which, they would also have to share the liability of any such offence jointly and severally.

TATA Consultancy Services (TCS): Organisation Culture

TATA Consultancy Services (TCS): Organisation Culture Understanding an organizations culture from an employee as well as management point of view is as important as understanding ones own job profile and responsibilities to perform well in any structural setup. Given the continuously changing environment, employee insights on his or her work culture is very important for an organization to best define and upgrade its role and objectives. To call for successful implementation of these objectives, it is pertinent to emphasize the importance of culture in motivating and maximizing the value of its human and intellectual assets. Organizational culture can be defined as the pattern of shared values, beliefs, and assumptions considered being the appropriate way to think and act within an organization. Seven key characteristics of what the organization values capture the essence of culture: (1) Innovation and risk taking, (2) Attention to detail, (3) Outcome orientation, (4) People orientation, (5) Team orientation, (6) Aggressiveness, and (7) Stability. Organization TATA Consultancy Services (TCS) Culture of TCS relevant from the employees perspective: The Culture of TCS is observed to be highly ethical as is the case with most TATA Group Companies. The culture according to the various interviews was found to be highly networked although the job responsibilities and positions of employees were clearly defined. This helped the employees settle down in the organization quickly and effectively along with giving providing them the autonomy to bring out the best in themselves due to highly networked nature of the environment. This is well exemplified by the fact that even the CEO of the company is addressed by his first name. The culture of TCS is also the one that supports growth and learning by providing and facilitating platforms for individuals to innovate and experiment even if that is not a direct requirement of their project. One of the most striking feature of this company is that employees are referred to as associates and not employees. This reflects the pride the company wants to experience in being associated with the concer ned individuals and holds them as important and superior as the company itself. However since TCS is huge organization with approximately 170,000 employees, many-a-times underutilization of human resources is observed before the project allocation. Hence periods of inactivity is observed in such cases. The size of the company and its well defined hierarchy is centralized at higher management level and localized at domain or vertical level. The company is also studied to be too customer driven even when its not a part of the customer requirement or specification. TCS overall is an employee driven company, The Company provides the best in the class facilities to work and learn. TCS has a separate learning and development cell, which encourages the associates (yes the employees are called associates) to learn and develop their technical, managerial, interpersonal communication and other skills. The company provides a good mix of talent and challenging work which appeals to the associates. In the interviews, we didnt find one thing that was low on culture practices at TCS. The employees are well paid, well satisfied and love the culture. The company has the lowest attrition ration of 9% for the last 4 quarters is a proof of the culture that prevails there. Apart from the learning and growth prospects, TCS also provides timely work review, assessments, various bonuses, leaves and also growth opportunities. The boundary of management and associates is low and the management is easily assessable. The level of respect for every employee is very high and is maintained with the high to low management and associates. Interview Guidelines:- The interviews should be conducted along different levels of hierarchy. The interviews should be conducted from equal participants from male/female employees The interviews should be conducted in such a way that there should be equal participation from both the freshers and experienced. Avoid conducting the interviews during peak working hours, to avoid any responses based on immediate happenings. Try and accommodate the interview on different days of the week and at different timings. Interview Transcripts Participant: Vanshika Shrivastva Designation: Asst. System Engg. Working with TCS for: 2 Yrs Q: How do you define the work culture at TCS? R: The work culture at TCS is bifurcated in two aspects; there is the organization work culture which follows the Tata Group ethics and beliefs, good learning atmosphere and also a healthy place to work at. The other is the project specific work culture, as there are different client, the project culture varies according to the client and the work needs. But the overall culture is filled with learning and growth option. Q: Can you elaborate with examples what are the learning and growth examples provided to you by TCS? R: TCS has the work evaluation process twice a year, once for the appraisal and once for the review, which helps employees assess their working capabilities, There are timely seminars, webinars, trainings, workshops and other such events to promote learning. TCS also encourages its employees for continuous learning and certification drives to promote a more competitive and better working atmosphere. Q: Are there any specific training program or department taking care of these? R: Yes, there are various training programs available for the associates; we have a learning and Development cell which conducts trainings across various technological platforms, also around better working skills, communications skills, managerial skills, work life balance etc. Plus apart from this, the HR department of every project keeps a [emailprotected] event once every month to promote a healthy working culture. Q: What are the most striking features you find in the workplace at TCS? R: TCS is my first organisation and I dont have any plans to change it in the near future. This is basically for the ethics and culture of work that we find with the company. We do not call anyone sir/mam even the CEO is called by the first name. Also TCS does not call its employees as employees they call us associates. Plus the timely review process at various levels, the apt compensation and the services at the disposal are really good at TCS. Q: What is the hierarchy like at TCS, in terms of working? R: The hierarchy is very well defined at this organisation. Apart from the technical associates like me, there are managerial hierarchies. I report to my team lead, he reports to the project lead, the project lead reports to the project manager and the project manager reports to the group manager. But the best part is, all the managers for the project/domain are present at the same location and are accessible to everyone. So the hierarchy is put across well and is also easily accessible. Participant: Ashish Rustagi Designation: IT Analyst Working with TCS for past: 4 yrs (onsite at US for past 1 yr) Q: How do you like the work culture at TCS? R: TCS is my second employer, I found the work atmosphere here challenging and refreshing at the same time. Q: How would you rate the work ethics at TCS? R: TCS is very high on work ethics, like any other Tata group company. Q: Throw some light on your relation with peers, seniors and juniors. R: At TCS there are no seniors, juniors when it comes to work, everyone is asked to make a contribution to every work, the team work is the driving force here. A team comprises of a good mix of people. So its always challenging and fun as I mentioned. Q: How does TCS help you shape your career? R: TCS provides you immense opportunities to learn and develop your skills. As TCS serves a number of varied clients, so learning in every field is encouraged. The managers are given some technical training so that they can understand the associates better and the associates are given managerial training to maintain small management at work. Q: How do you find TCS in providing learning and development opportunities? R: TCS has a rich culture with learning, the learning and development cell has their weekly and monthly trainings. These trainings are conducted by industry specialist and sometime in house faculty. Even the initial learning program was a fantastic builder for confidence and learning platforms. Q: How does the organisation looks towards the employees? R: TCS believes that their best assets are their employees; Employees are given all sought of comforts to help them shape their future and also help the organisation grow. With good services, Timely appraisals, proper work review, other team building activities makes you come to office with a smile. Q: What is your take on the overall organisational structure at TCS? R: TCS is divided into various segments, with multinational presence the company is divided into service segments called verticals. Apart from this, the various departments work hand in hand and with strength of over 170,000 associates is still one of the best places to work. Participant: Siddharth Khetawat Designation: Associate Consultant Worked with TCS for: 6 yrs (recently left TCS) Q: Why did you leave TCS? R: TCS was the first company I worked for; I had to move on to higher studies. Q: Do you have plans to get back to TCS after your studies? R: I would love to do that, if I get an opportunity. Q: How did you find the culture at TCS? R: TCS game me the perfect ground to work and provided great facilities to sharpen my skills. The infrastructure was well established, and it always felt good when you know everything is in place where you work. Q: How was the management at TCS? R: The management was very well established at TCS, they had a clear goal and mission stated and in my 6 years I learned that the long term plans were very well implemented. Q: Do you have anything that you thought was lacking at TCS culture? R: Its like answering one of the things for apple; you never know what you need till the time they give it to you. Same is the case with TCS, I always thought TCS gave the best work place for associates, Till they included the quarterly appraisal and reviews, then I thought its the best possible thing, till they gave the TCS social service Maitri wing. Finally even before leaving, TCS gave me an opportunity to sign a 6 months working deal and sponsor me a big amount of money for my education. Its a great place to work and I am glad I was associated with them Q: Did TCS provide sufficient learning grounds? R: Indeed, TCS gave a great variety of learning platforms. I did 4 certifications from TCS including an auditors certificate for 6 sigma. Now being an engg. Where can I get such an opportunity? It just reflects the amount of diversity TCS offers someone who is willing to learn. Participant: Ragini Mishra Designation: Group Lead (BFS2.2 domain) Worked with TCS for: Past 14 yrs Q: Such a long time with TCS? R: I worked initially for 6 years with TCS, when I was posted in London for the project. The client that I was working for gave me an offer and looking at the better prospects then I decided to join. But only 18 months into the job I realised that the money might be better but the culture was something that was not what I was used to. So I came back to TCS and since then have been climbing up the ladder. Q: You started your career at TCS as asst. System engg trainee. And now a group lead.. So from technology to management . How was the journey? R: Firstly the journey still continues, I joined TCS as a programmer like everyone else. Then climbing the ladder was easy. As TCS gives opportunities to learn and do everything that one wishes, I was inclined towards management, so after a few years as a technical associate I walked up to my manager and asked told him about it. He advised me to take up the training sessions from the LD department for managerial skills. And since then it was a great transformation. Q: How did TCS help you shape your career? R: TCS provided an excellent ground for me to build my career. When I moved into lower management in the project, I was invited to learning sessions with mid level and upper level management to sharpen my skills and learn. And it proved a great experience and the participants were from the same league as me and all started with experience with TCS as an associate. Q: Does TCS stand by the Experience Certainty tag? R: Oh hi bet we do it better than anyone else in the industry. We stand tall to our mission, vision and practices. And ensure that the client in projects experience certainty in our work and commitment. We believe in providing services of top most quality to our clients so that in turn they can provide better services to their clients. Q: How does the work culture appeals to you at TCS? R: TCS is an employee driven company. Here we believe in putting the Clients and employee first. The company ensures the best possible working environment with challenging and target driven associates. I was personally touched by the company culture when I was given a 3 months maternity leave and my Husband who also is a TCS employee was given a 1 month leave. No other organisation can understand you as good as TCS does. Functional and Dysfunctional aspects of TCS culture/organizations culture in the light of its mission: To help customers achieve their business objectives by providing innovative, best-in-class consulting, IT solutions and services To make it a joy for all stakeholders to work with us Functional Aspects Well Defined Job Responsibility Clear Hierarchy High Values and Ethics Employee Focus Customer Driven Highly open and networked culture Learning Environment Dysfunctional Aspects Stress Under-Resource Utilization Inflexible Project Allocation Regional Bias Allocation of Base Branch Action Plan Stress Management at TCS the workplace has become a high stress environment in many organizations cutting across industries. Employees are experiencing high level of stress due to various factors such as high workload, tight deadlines, high targets, type of work, lack of job satisfaction, long working hours, pressure to perform, etc. Interpersonal conflicts at the workplace, such as boss-subordinate relationships and relationships with peers, are also a source of stress. Experts believed that the dysfunctional aspects of stress could directly impact an organizations performance and also affect the well-being of its employees. Stress at the workplace is linked to absenteeism, higher attrition, and decreased productivity. Stress lead to fatigue, irritability, poor communication, and quality problems/errors. High stress levels also affected the morale and motivation of the employees. Prolonged exposure to stress without effective coping mechanisms could lead to a host of physical and mental problems. For instance, stress could lead to stress-induced gastrointestinal problems, irritable bowel syndrome, acidity, acid reflux, insomnia, depression, heart disease, etc. Moreover; stress could push the victim toward high risk behavior such as smoking, drinking, and substance abuse. Stress-related illness leads to increase in absenteeism and attrition affecting the profitability of the organizations. Organizations cutting across industries are gearing up to provide employees with a stress-free healthy environment. The efforts to address this issue are more pronounced in some industries than others. Experts felt that, though stress at the workplace is a global phenomenon, professionals in some industries are more susceptible to stress than others. For instance, surveys conducted in 2006 and 2007 in the UK and the US respectively, found that employees in Information Technology (IT) industry (including the ITeS outsourcing industry) are the most stressed. Accordingly, these organizations had started implementing various unconventional methods to decrease stress at the workplace. Even in India, organizations had woken up to this menace and were resorting to novel methods including teaching the employees dancing and music, trekking, etc, to reduce stress at the workplace. For instance, Tata Consultancy Services Ltd. had started different clubs like Theatre Club, Bibliophile Club, Adventure Trekking Club, Fitness Club, Sanctuary Club, Music Club and Community Services Club, etc. TCS should focus on increasing self-awareness and provided the employees with guidance on how to cope with stress through a series of workshops by experts. In addition to conducting stress management workshops, TCS should also conduct off-site picnics, games, and inter-departmental competitions. Some companies were also using a system of mentors and promoted open communication to improve interactions and camaraderie at the workplace. Employees in most of the established companies had access to in-house counseling centers. It can also employ nutritionists to provide healthy food at the office canteens and counsel the employees on healthy eating habits and lifestyle. TCS can also consider employing psychologists to counsel their employees. Experts felt that organizations are resorting to creative methods to address the issue of stress at the workplace, but more action was required on this front, both in terms of assessment of the situation and implementation of concrete steps to tackle the problem. Under-Resource Utilization When new employees join TCS they are put on bench cause of lack of projects availability. It creates a lot of tension amongst them because they are mostly freshers. The duration of the bench time usually varies from a month to even a year. Keeping the resource idle for such a long time makes them unproductive. TCS has around 170000 employees and substantial amount of people on bench. TCS should be leaner they should focus on recruiting people as per requirement of the projects. TCS should also engage people in internal projects and trainings so that people have enough stuff to do at home and they should not be idle. Inflexible Project Allocation After the allocation of Projects to employees its really hard for employees to get release from the projects. They also have hard time dealing with lower management. It finally leads to employee dissatisfaction. The Project Allocation Process should be more transparent and employees should not have hard time to choose/change their projects as per company norms and employee interest. Regional Bias There is a regional bias especially in some office locations of TCS wherein people perform conversation in their local languages at office and people from other regions of the country find it really awkward to adjust in the office environment. It happens majorly because majority of the people at office are from local region and they have bias towards conversations in their local languages. HR of the respective locations should conduct regular sessions to let employees know about the company policies and ethics to be followed in the company. Allocation of Base Branch The issue with the allocation of base branch is also a major problem at TCS wherein employees find it difficult to find a transfer request being accepted. Even the female employees are the victims wherein they dont have option to choose Base Branch of their choice. The Allocation of Base Branch should be done after taking options from the employees and there should be guidelines to let employees decide the base branch and change after serving after certain duration at the respective location.